Define each of the five business organizations?

The limited liability partnership is a company wherein two or more persons undertake to contribute to a common fund money or property and divide the profits among themselves. There is at least one limited partner and one general partner. A business may also be run by means of franchising which allows a business organization to transfer the rights and privileges of the business to another for a consideration. Such consideration is called franchise fee.In case of joint venture, it is a business organization between two corporations where the participants deviate from traditional matters on corporate management in terms of voting, control and selection of employees, and arbitration proceedings. In case of license, the government will act upon any business application filed by a business organization or an individual and provide such license to enter into business endeavors. Lastly, for sole proprietorship, an individual chose to run the business on his own and without any help from othe r persons.Week 2 Discussion Question 2 What legal and ethical issues must a business consider when deciding whether or not to do business globally? The ethical issues that a business organization must consider when deciding whether or not to do business globally are integrity of business endeavors, setting mission and vision properly and as well as propriety of core values. Doing business globally includes the adaptation of the culture, values, customs and economic conditions in other countries.Hence, the business organization must see to it that the core values of the company are universal and ethical in nature. On the other hand, the legal issues that should be considered is about laws involved in having business outside the country and as well as treaties involved in the same. The laws of other countries will affect the success of the business done globally. Lastly, the issues on taxation must also be considered by the business organization doing business outside the country.

Barilla Spa (a)

BARILLA SpA (A) Table of Contents Part One: Executive Summary3 Part Two: Immediate Issue4 Part Three: Systemic Issues4 Part Four: Qualitative Analysis5 Part Five: Alternatives6 Part Six: Recommendation8 Part Seven: Recommendations Implementation Plan9 Part Eight: Monitor and Control10 Part One: Executive Summary In order to respond to extreme demand variability and incidents of high stock out rates Barilla is currently applying pressure to both its’ manufacturing and logistics departments to restock distribution centres as quickly as possible. This is resulting in high distribution costs and a reduction in overall profits.In the long term I am recommending that Barilla SpA implement a Just in Time Distribution (JITD) system to reduce excess inventory and eliminate stock outs at the distributor to market level of the distribution chain. The new system will include a forecasting and planning system based on information provided by the distributors on a day-to-day basis. The JITD will reduce inventory to acceptable levels and will reduce inventory carrying cots. It will also flatten demand resulting in cost savings at the manufacturing and shipping levels. It will also provide an opportunity for new sales promotion types and levels.Initially the new system will be implemented on a trial basis and at the end of the trial with successful performance indicated; the system will be presented to internal departments as well as distributors. This report will be used as a basis for discussion in our production meeting at the end of the week. Giorgio Maggiali Director of Logistics Barilla SpA (A) December 4, 2012 Part Two: Immediate Issue Barilla SpA is experiencing difficulty in the manufacturing and logistics sectors of their operation because of an extreme variability in demand of their pasta products.Though demand for pasta in Italy is flat Barilla has been experiencing sudden spikes in demand for varying types of pasta from different areas. Because of rigid man ufacturing requirements and lengthy lead times from placement of order to delivery, stock outs have been experienced between the distributors and retail stores. Part Three: Systemic Issues Sales Operations: Nature: Tactical Timing: Short Term Distributors are encouraged to purchase product based on discounts rather than product demand at their customer’s locations.The sales representatives are given specific sales targets to meet and are conceivably focusing on the discounted products because they are an easier sell to the distributors. Distribution: Nature: Tactical Timing: Short Term and Long Term Lead time from placement of order to delivery ranges anywhere from eight days to fourteen days, though the average is ten calendar days. This includes production and shipment of the product. Most distributors do not rely on forecasting systems to place their orders; they simply count stock on a cycle and place orders to refill to the previous level.There is no analysis based on pr oduct type, time of year etc. Stock outs are happening between the distributors and the stores; the lead time to fill the product gap is too long. Manufacturing Process: Nature: Strategic Timing: Short Term and Long Term The pasta production process (particular sizes and types of pasta require fixed heat and humidity settings in the kiln) makes it difficult to replace a specific type of pasta that has sold out at a vendor’s store because of unusually high demand. The production process cannot be changed or sped up without risking a decline in quality of the product. Part Four: Qualitative AnalysisBarilla SpA is the largest pasta producer in the world. They offer both dry and fresh pasta as well as a variety of other products including cookies, cakes and breads. Currently, the demand for pasta in Italy is flat with only an approximate increase in demand of 1% per year. Barilla competes with other pasta providers (approximately 2,000) by utilizing innovative advertising techniq ues and by using high quality raw materials in their products. In order to compete in the Italian market they utilize the traditional method of distribution to their customers via their own distribution center as well as a number of independent distributors.Distributors may place orders when they choose; each year is sectioned off (referred to as canvass periods) and specific products are offered at discounted rates in an assigned period. The type of product that is offered in each canvass period is decided by the sales department. There are also volume discounts offered on certain products which may be specialized by the Barilla sales personnel (i. e. free shipping for full truckload orders). Sales staff has set sales targets for each canvass period which results in pressure sales to the distributors.The distributors will purchase more of the discounted products in order that they can pass the savings to their customers to achieve higher sales. The majority of distributor’s periodically review their stock of Barilla products and place orders with Barilla based on re-stocking to the previous level they had of each product type. Input from the store level is not considered as the main factor in ordering. There are no set minimum or maximum levels for types of pasta or for size of distributor. Pasta production is time consuming; a series of steps are involved that must be followed to produce the quality of pasta that is Barilla’s trademark.The drying process alone takes approximately four hours; the settings of the kiln are specific to the size and type of pasta being produced. In addition to production time there is shipping time which varies dependent on the proximity of the manufacturing plant to the distribution center. Shipping encompasses the availability of vehicles and the cost of shipping. The current method of ordering means that there are less-than-truckload or LTL shipments taking place which are more expensive than full-truckload or FT L shipments. Part Five: Alternatives Alternative One: Sales ControlsThe Barilla sales department will offer product promotions based on product movement at the region/store level. Volume discounts will be discontinued. Pros: Promotions based on sales data from the individual stores will reduce stock outs and will maintain the sales department’s relationship with the customer. Cons: Distributors lose control over the stock and stock levels that they are carrying. Sales of other product lines that Barilla produces will decline and some customers will change to other suppliers for their variety of product. Alternative Two: Inventory ControlsBarilla will set minimum/maximum inventory levels for each SKU based on historical sales data. Safety stock will be produced of the pasta types that regularly stock out at the distributor locations. Pros: Instituting set inventory levels for each SKU will ensure a more realistic supply of product for each location. Producing safety stock for the pasta types that spike will reduce restock time and mitigate market share loss. Cons: Historic data is inherently flawed because of trade promotions and volume discounts; minimum/maximum levels would be skewed.Excess stock would take up a significant amount of space and extra storage space would need to be obtained. There will be conflict with distributors because of their loss of control and with sales because of the loss of promotional opportunities. Alternative Three: Just in Time Distribution (JITD) Product will not be ordered by the distributor but will be supplied by the manufacturer to the distributor based on data provided about the previous day’s shipments from the distributor to the customers as well as their current stock levels of Barilla product.Pros: Barilla would ship product only as it was needed rather than having large amounts of excess stock. Information regarding supplies at the distributor’s warehouses would aid Barilla in improving their forec asting system. Barilla would have more control over the distribution process. Cons: Distributors do not want Barilla interfering with their inventory. The sales staff is reluctant to lose their opportunity to meet and exceed sales targets through their promotions. Part Six: RecommendationWe recommend the implementation of Alternative Three, the JITD model. JITD will enable Barilla to cut current distribution costs and stabilize supply to the customers. JITD is based on real time data and inventory specific information. Rather than basing product supply on current promotions or volume discounts, product supply is based on historical demand at the specific distributor locations. * This will ensure that customers receive product that they can move rather than being supplied product that will sit on their shelves for extended periods of time. Barilla will be able to reduce inventory levels at their locations because demand will be stabilized and as a result carrying costs will be reduce d. * Transportation can be regulated as product delivery is regulated and cost savings can be found through possible transportation discounts (FTL vs. LTL shipments). * Promotions can be tailored to individual products at individual locations. Barilla can manage inventory levels more effectively than the distributors because we have an understanding of all facets of distribution.The distributors do not have a clear understanding of the manufacturing process and the reason for lengthy lead times. Traditional trade promotion and volume discounts will be eliminated by the implementation of JITD. A new promotion structure will be implemented to maintain market competitiveness. Part Seven: Recommendations Implementation Plan We believe that to encourage both internal and external partners to embrace the JITD system, Barilla should introduce JITD as a pilot project at one of the distribution facilities that has experienced extreme demand variability.Customers are resistant to the change b ecause they will lose control over product type that will be carried. They do not want Barilla to push product through their centres to reduce their costs while restricting the distributor’s role in the delivery system. Barilla can present the data from the pilot project to the other distributors. The data will prove to distributors that implementing the JITD system will be of benefit to them as well as to Barilla. When proposing the JITD system to customers Barilla has to explain that it will: * Reduce Costs * Reduce Inventory Levels Improve Fill Rate to their Stores Implementing JITD is in the best interests of Barilla, the distributors and their customers. There is internal resistance, primarily from the marketing and sales group, because there is a lack of understanding about the effects that implementing the system would have on the various departments and their functions and duties. The sales department, in particular, is concerned that a JITD system would reduce their duties and impedes their ability to sell product by removing the current trade and volume purchasing promotions.In order to get buy in from each department I need to have the support of management including DiMaria, the manager of the sales department. Support for the changeover has to be top down as the current problem is not just a logistics issue but is a supply chain issue. Part Eight: Monitor and Control The pilot project will be implemented within two months and will be take place over the course of three months. The Key Performance Indicators and measurements are: * Customer Demand Levels – Success is flat demand or less than 1% variability in demand. Stock Out Levels – Success is stock out levels at less than 2% per order cycle. * Inventory Levels – Success is less than or equal to 90,000 kilograms of pasta/day at the manufacturing facility and less than 4% excess inventory total at the distributor’s warehouse. At the end of the three month trial the Barilla management team will review the data and prepare a report to present to individual departments within Barilla and to distributors. If figures, as laid out above, have not been met then Barilla will continue to maintain the current distribution process.

Admission essay to the University of Southern California, MBA program

As a young person who aspires to be a successful businessman, I have many dreams. Dreams that motivate me to strive hard in order to reach the goals I am aiming for. It’s free to dream and I don’t want that dream to be just a dream. I want it to become a reality where I can say that I am fulfilled.One of these dreams is to become a successful businessman, like those renowned business people that started from scratch yet able to make it big due to its experience, expertise and knowledge learned from the institutions they are from. Seeing businessmen successful despite of the countless responsibilities make me hopeful that one day I will be like them. In order to make this dream a reality, I make a significant step that would definitely change my entire life and that is to become an MBA.I have studied what Business Administration is and had been exposed to different scenarios where my business skills are needed however I still feel that my knowledge is not enough to make a successful business individual in the near future.So I feel the need to enroll in Master in Business Administration to further, develop, and improved my acquired knowledge in my college days. I know it would not be so easy as 1, 2, 3 and it involves a lot of patience and courage to pursue this career however I purpose in my heart to finish MBA to fulfill my dream and be successful.On the other hand, I choose University of Southern California-MBA program because this is the only university that would help me fulfill my dream. I am very choosy with regards to the development of my education. I want the best for myself and the University of Southern California-MBA program is the only university that I believe that has offered the one I am looking for.The University of Southern California is an institution of higher learning in California. It will help me become a potential businessman in the coming years. It has numerous centers and institutes within the university conduct special st udies and research. Not only that, it has extensive library resources which will help more learned and equipped to my desired profession.Furthermore, the university does not only concern of the students’ academic performance but also concern with their interaction to the outside world. The university usually involves the students in organizations and field trips to supplement the learning their learning. Field trips are organized to develop student-interest in teaching units and problems, to gather information regarding them, and as culminating activities.The university used this method to give the students first-hand experience that cannot be had in the classroom. Manu of the objects of investigations can be studied best on their natural setting.This method used by the university provides opportunities for students learning through the use of many techniques other than those of reading and speaking. The outstanding criterion to use in considering the advisability of a field trip is the possible contribution of such a trip to the objectiveness of the course.Admission essay to the University of Penn State (smeal) – MBA programI choose to enroll in MBA-program because it is the sole program where I can see myself. Doing business is a lot of fun and has various challenges that would test my skills as an individual. Through this kind of career, my administration skills will be improved because I will not be only administering the business itself but as well as people who are involved into it.  In fact I remember one incident way back my childhood days. I sometimes acted as a businessman by persuading my friend to trade in his toy with my small amount of money. Luckily, I persuaded him because of my empowering words. As time passes, I just realized that I want to be a businessman.Furthermore, I am incline to do business in the future or be employed in business firms because I am inspired and influenced by successful businessmen such as William (Bill ) Gates and Donald Trumps that make themselves to the top despite of the adversaries they meet along the way. So since I want to follow their footsteps, I would make sure to prepare and equip myself to face the world of business that is why I want to be admitted in the MBA program of this university.I intend to admit myself in this university because I firmly believe that this university has so much to offer to its students. It is a nonsecretarian, privately controlled institution of higher learning. It caters the specific needs of its students, provide immediate diagnoses and expose to different kinds of activities that would make the students competitive and do remarkable outcomes.Professors’ teaching skills are the other reason too why I want to be admitted in this university. Sound principles of teaching are formulated carefully observed facts or objectively which are common to a series of similar experiences; such as, they must be carefully distinguished from the assumpt ions of so-called armchair philosophy which are made up largely of purely theoretical principles based on experience, reality, investigation, or experimentation.In addition, its professors use the principles of teachings that are derived through pooling of the opinions of experts; through comparative studies of the teaching performance; through experimental studies of teaching and learning in the classroom. These principles are taught to the students to be learned and versatile to face adversaries related to business.On the other hand, students are given by this program the chance to do the experimental method of research related to business which is the most important in education, is used primarily to test and evaluate by hypothesis. Its function is the evaluation aims, procedures or methods, and techniques employed in teaching and learning. In the field of Master in Business Administration program in this university, it is generally accepted that principles are discovered.Princip les that grow out of accumulated knowledge of how certain practices affect learning represents a step in relating theory to actual practice. In addition, the use of experimental method by professors of this program has developed a vast body of scientifically documented information about all areas of human growth and development, especially in the field of teaching and learning business.It can be said that without adequate developmental progress, ways of teaching and learning business cannot be undertaken. Research in progress constantly gives new interpretations to complex problems that are involved in teaching and learning. These principles applied by the program impress me a lot that would make me desire to be one of the students of this program.Admission essay to the University of California Davis – MBA program   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MBA or Master of Business Administration is everyone’s dream if he graduated in business administration. It is an achievemen t for an individual to finish this master’s degree.I have a number of reasons why I want to do an MBA. It is basically for my self-improvement however I have five reasons that are on my top list. First thing is, I firmly believe that MBA program would allow me to have further studies that would enhance my knowledge and skills related to the field of my specialization; thus, it will get me updated to any recent buzz related to this field.Secondly, MBA offers a lot of opportunities especially we are in this modern and competitive world where everyone must has its own edge to cope the competition; thus it is an edge for me if I have an MBA. Thirdly, MBA ensures excellence and eminence business education that equips individuals to be competitive and perform tasks efficiently.The fourth one is it gives me more opportunities to be exposed to different subjects such as economics, international business, marketing, finance and etc. that I don’t learn in my previous studies and I have the chance to concentrate on my chosen area of specialization. The last one would be, MBA does not only equip me academically but it would change my perspectives in life through the rigid training and studies that I will be going through.I am eyeing University of California, Davis for my MBA as my partner in my future business success because it is a credible and reputable university producing quality and competitive graduates.The program itself requires students to have direct experimentation, observation, case studies, questionnaires and interviews, or involve intensive reading, shifts facts, and interpretation of data to have first hand learning related in business. I have learned that the professors of the University of California Davis inculcated the importance of experimentation to their students especially in the MBA program.Moreover, I consider University of California Davis as a good match for my learning because it is a university that has so much to give to its st udents. I strongly believe that the professors and facilities here are well-equipped which are able to assist the needs of the students.One thing that attracts me most in this university is the way the professors teach their students. This is the university too which has close cooperation with the community which serves to the functioning of modern education. We all know that the community needs the school as a positive force for social and economic betterment.There are many problems in the community, such as those relating to health, economic, and social problems, that can be solved by educative process. This university is one agency in the community equipped to lead in the solution of problems. I believe that University of California Davis can be useful in promoting and improving community life and conditions and which will enable less fortunate people to live richer, fuller, and better everyday lives, as well as on the development of techniques of their studies.  I also believe that this university enhanced my skills, abilities, and attitudes to be more learned and extend it to the community by doing business The university does not only educate the students academically but it is concerned too with the interaction of human individuals and their environment.In addition, the university is concerned with producing growth or changes in human knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, feelings, morals, and habits of every type.Admission essay to the University of Toronto (rotman) – MBA programI can vividly remember how happy I am to do trade-ins with my friends and siblings when I am still a kid. Every time I like something which my friends or siblings have, I try to convey them to trade in to what I have. With small and simple talks, I able to make them compromise to what I have offered.Unknowingly, that simple gesture already foretold of what I would be like when I become an adult which is to do business. I intend to involve myself in seminars related in business administration and never tired of participating in some activities that would develop my business skills.I also volunteer to do some first hand trainings from a businessman who has a convenient store who happens to be my friend. With that experience, I am able to learn and be aware in how to handle customers and meet their satisfactions.The daily small dilemmas give me ideas in how to react and act such circumstance. This experience motivates me to pursue an MBA because I know that I can learn more things about business if I have proper education about it. Although I have background on it yet it is not enough and it is really fulfilling in my part if I am trained in this field of specialization.I consider University of Toronto (rotman) for my precious education because it is an institution that can be trusted and produced quality competitors in the business world. This university specifically the MBA program is a vehicle for my business success in the near future.Moreove r, its education is of high standard and students are taught to be well-equipped in every area. As a student, I know I can be able to cope up with the demands of the university because I have been exposed to business activities and trainings.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example It is importÐ °nt thÐ °t competing demÐ °nds Ð °nd Ð °pproÐ °ches not pÐ °rÐ °lyze mÐ °nÐ °gers but insteÐ °d provide cumulÐ °tive Ð °nd integrÐ °tive improvements to leÐ °dership effectiveness. In view of Ð °bove, current pÐ °per provides impiricÐ °l Ð °pproÐ °ch towÐ °rd the concpet of leÐ °dership. BÐ °sing on the book of ChÐ °rles MÐ °nz Ð °nd Henry Sims, The New SuperLeÐ °dership, where the principÐ °l of self-leÐ °dership is peoneered, present discussion covers theorieticÐ °l review Ð °nd prÐ °cticÐ °l implicÐ °tion of types of leÐ °dership. It is the Ð °im of this pÐ °per to present new content Ð °nd exÐ °mples designed to help leÐ °ders develop the kind of Ð °utonomous, quick-reÐ °cting workforce necessÐ °ry to thrive in these turbulent times. I first introduce the theory of leÐ °dership styles. Through the discussion of two types of leÐ °drship, I grÐ °duÐ °lly comme to the discussion of effective leÐ °dership techniques Ð °nd end up with personÐ °l model of leÐ °dership. Using the exÐ °mples of two leÐ °ders this pÐ °per is Ð ° greÐ °t reflection of efficient Ð °nd inefficient Ð °pproÐ °ch to leÐ °dership. DrÐ °wing on contemporÐ °ry exÐ °mples Ð °nd profiles, mÐ °ny from the high-tech Ð °nd informÐ °tion sectors, MÐ °nz Ð °nd Sims shÐ °tter the myth of the trÐ °ditionÐ °l, Ð °ggrÐ °ndized versions of "heroic" leÐ °dership. They show thÐ °t Ð ° leÐ °der truly becomes successful by turning followers into extrÐ °ordinÐ °ry self-leÐ °ders-pillÐ °rs of strength thÐ °t will support the orgÐ °nizÐ °tion Ð °t every level. They detÐ °il Ð ° series of Ð °ction-oriented steps through which the SuperLeÐ °der provides Ð °n opportunity for followers to express Ð °nd develop their own leÐ °dership skills-Ð °nd in the process become highly motivÐ °ted, dynÐ °mic contributors. Coercion, Ð °s Ð ° meÐ °ns of influencing the behÐ °vior of others, depends upon the expectÐ °tion of specified positive or negÐ °tive consequences. Coercive power requires thÐ °t the

Professional Code of Conduct Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional Code of Conduct Exercise - Essay Example Construction managers are called to avoid conflict of interest by shunning projects that compromise integrity and objectivity. CMAA code of ethics requires its members to bargain openly for fair compensation. The code provides that construction managers release truthful information and keep other information confidential. Construction managers are required not to discriminate potential clients. CMAA members are encouraged to strive for professional development and to uphold the integrity of their profession (Ghillyer 12). I agree with everything that is stated in the CMAA code of ethics. My agreement with this code is underpinned by its comprehensiveness. This is seen in the way its elements touch on the welfare of all the stakeholders including construction managers, the profession of construction, clients and the public at large. Additionally, this code of ethics is acceptable because it promotes a robust practice. Its emphasis on qualification, competence, and integrity underscores this robustness. CMAA code of ethics is designed in such a way that it can be domesticated into other fields and professions and this is another reason why I agree with it. For example, the principles of confidentiality, integrity, and fair competition can apply in business and medicine. This code of ethics also encourages professional development and as such, it promotes a self-reinforcing practice (Ghillyer 13). Accountability is one of the ethical considerations that can be added to CMAA code of ethics. This would encourage construction managers to ensure that they have enough justification for the decisions they make and the actions they take. Facilitation of evaluation is another ethical consideration that can be added into CMAA professional code of ethics. This would impress on construction managers to use their knowledge and experience in evaluating the quality of

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The Semantic Web and Relational Databases essay

The Semantic Web and Relational Databases - Essay Example I think maybe when you've got an overlay of scalable vector graphics - everything rippling and folding and looking misty on Web 2.0 and access to a semantic Web integrated across a huge space of data, you'll have access to an unbelievable data resource." (Wikipedia, 2009) World Wide Web consortiumW3C is working on this technology to make it more efficient, extendable and presentable to the users. Semantic Web enables the user to find, share and combine information on the web. It is based on machine readable information and uses XML technology to define customized tagging. It provides the common language to represent how the data is related to real world objects. The central idea is to provide the specific user requirements from the web. It is not a communication between web pages, but it describes relationships between objects. A software database technology includes some aspects through which semantic web works. Data which is transferred by human intervention or by machine is portably collected in a data space. Data spaces are domain specific. They are identified by an identifier. The data which can be viewed in object oriented view is called a data space. Linked data is a part of the Semantic web which is identified by URI (Uniform resource identifier). The Data or object existed in the data space must be movable and can be identified and cited by the uniform resource identifier whenever required. Open linked database, which is called as â€Å"ODS† is a distributed, collaborative web application platform, social network and content management system. It has been written using VSP, VSPX and the open link AJAX toolkit. It incorporates wide range of industry standards for data access and management (Wikipedia, 2009).

Efficiency and Competitiveness by Information System of Marston Tools Assignment

Efficiency and Competitiveness by Information System of Marston Tools - Assignment Example The industry faces a high level of competitive rivalry. The threat of new entrants is high given the increased competition from manufacturers overseas. There is also competition from lower cost substitute products. Changes in the manufacturing technology have been copied by manufacturers in countries where the same manufacturers have the added benefits of lower materials and labour costs. As a result the industry has been flooded with lower cost substitute products. Because of the availability of these substitute products, the customers have more bargaining power. This means that Marston Tools must be able to maintain a high level of manufacturing quality in order to remain competitive. By integrating information systems strategy with business strategy, the company will be able to achieve this objective. When it comes to acquiring and developing the right business information systems, Porter’s five forces should be assessed in terms of how they impact upon the company’s profitability. As the previous analysis indicates, the industry is characterized by changes in the products and manufacturing technology. This increases the competition. ... The company’s information strategy should be formulated accordingly. As mentioned before, the industry experiences changes in the products and manufacturing technology. Porter’s five forces analysis reveals that these changes can easily be copied by manufacturers overseas who also have the added benefits of lower materials and labour costs. Therefore Marston should not define operational effectiveness in terms of continuously improving the manufacturing technology leading to proprietary content or distinctive processes (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). Rather it should be defined in terms of delivering unique value to the customers in the form of higher quality. Therefore when it comes to the design and acquisition of information systems, the management should focus upon creating a system that is aligned to the strategic objective of delivering high quality to the customers. In this manner the company raises switching costs thus lowering the bargaining power of buyers. The company operates in an industry which has a high threat of new entrants, a high threat of substitute products and high bargaining power from the buyers. Value chain Currently the company is operating a computer-based system of production scheduling and control. This enables the company to facilitate coordination of different departments by creating a production schedule based upon orders received and sales forecasted. However the company is still facing problems in guaranteeing customer delivery dates and this is affecting sales. Therefore the new business information system should address this problem. However the implementation of the information system will affect both primary

Health Care Finance in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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5 Different Definition of Stem Education - Essay Example According to Veenstra et al, (2012), STEM education includes majors in natural sciences, engineering, science, health, and technologies. Many leaders have consistently created concern for the increasing number of STEM students who get well-paying jobs as compared to other degree holders. Though STEM is widely used throughout the education system, certain fields receive more attention in this more than others. Such fields include engineering, computer sciences, and the physical sciences. As a result, examination of STEM participation and resulting outcomes from examining narrow fields come up with differing conclusions as opposed to when a broader definition is used altogether. STEM education is an important interdisciplinary approach that incorporates various academic concepts with other real-world lessons, as the student is able to apply the four disciplines of STEM education. As a result, they are able to connect between school, global economy and community work thus developing STEM literacy giving the students a competitive advantage in the economy (Beatty, 2011). Educators seem to consider this concept from an educational perspective increasing the importance of succeeding in science and mathematics and increasing the integration in engineering and technology when needs arises. STEM education involves a study of sciences, mathematics, engineering and technology courses and having adequate knowledge to apply the skills and knowledge gained in the real world (DeBoer, 2011). The reason is that the competitive nature of every country requires that there is a strong educational program that is able to prepare innovative scientists and other engineers who are capable of providing innovations that can flourish the economy of a country. However, various educators involved in preparing students for important careers in STEM courses find the term

The Aurora Shootings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Aurora Shootings - Essay Example July 20th, 2012 was marked with unbelievable horror, violence and sorrow which will be remembered for a long time due to the loss of lives and the fearful scars it left on the surviving individuals. The screening of the English movie â€Å"The Dark Knight Rises† at one of the movie theaters in Aurora, Colorado, was converted from an exciting and fun-filled event into a deadly massacre spreading fear and panic everywhere. The shooting resulted in the death of 12 and the injury of 58 people in the theater; according to the police reports, nearly every injury was the outcome of gunshots (Pearson 2012). This rampage has been covered by media extensively elaborating each and every detail, number of victims and survivors, aftermaths of the shootings, government actions and emotional stories of the massacre victims and their mourning relatives. James E. Holmes, the suspect of Aurora shootings, entered the movie theater through a rear exit door, armed with a gun and wearing ballistic helmet and protective gear over his body, shot at random in the movie theater. According to the law enforcement agencies, Holmes also threw a tear gas; however, the substance is still under suspicion. Holmes was arrested within first seven minutes of the panic calls from the movie-goers, while the victims were hurriedly sent to the nearby hospitals (Pearson 2012). The Aurora shootings left many questions lingering amongst the people regarding security of movie theaters that how could an armed person enter a theater and many questioning eyes were raised against the gun ownership laws of the United States. On the other hand, reasons that provoked Holmes towards a merciless shooting spree are also being investigated and researched.

The language and structure of poem Essay Example for Free

The language and structure of poem Essay The language and structure of poem two Warning is, as with Old Man, Old Man, fairly simple with only four stanzas all but two of which are different lengths. I expect this is because in stanza one, the longest verse, she says all the things she has planned to do in her future as an older woman these of course are all the things that she wants to do so of course there are lots of them. Stanza two says all the things she could do this is not as long because it would have come under the first verse if it was something that she really wanted to do. Stanza three is also a short one as it is about all the things she has to do now which are all boring and tedious. The last stanza is the shortest as it is, in my opinion, what she is thinking but she has to stop herself in her thoughts as she might have thought it was not appropriate at this time to act like an old woman. There is no rhyme or rhythm as with poem one or any complicated language. I also suspect this is because it is a straightforward subject and needs no complications. The two poems are very similar as they are both very easy to understand, as there is no complicated words or English techniques, like similes. The message and tone of poem one is very grim. It takes a pessimistic view of old age saying how your senses deteriorate and how you almost become incompetent. It basically says, you, as someone who is capable and in control will deteriorate to someone who can not do as much as you want to do as you will not be able to see well, you pretty much will not like it! The message and tone of poem two is almost completely contrary to that of poem one. It takes a very optimistic view of old age saying how you can let go of old barriers in life and be able to do what you want. The story is when you are young you must be responsible and set an example. When you get old you can become irresponsible and careless and be able to do the little things that are silly just for the sake of doing it. My personal response to the poem Old Man, Old Man is that it makes me think about my grandparents who were able and active and now have become retired and have their illnesses, this is why the poem makes me think of them. The old man in the poem was a capable man and has now become very dependant. It also makes me think that family is very important because one day you may end up with a dreadful disease and if you cannot turn to your family who can you turn to? My personal response to poem two is somewhat murky. I do not know how to put it but although it is an optimistic view of old age are the things this women wants to do that much to look forward to? I think we can do most of these things now, even as adults, but we do not because it is not advantageous and some of the things are just silly. For instance spending your pension and say weve no money for butter. Is that logical? This is where Im unclear may be shes saying let go out of logic! This poem also reminds me of the great Indian circle of life. This is where the native Americans believed we went round in a circle in our life. We would start life from the ground or mother, progress through childhood to become an adult then revert to being a child again, then the part to the ground.

Exchange as a Basis of Social Life

Exchange as a Basis of Social Life Why, and how, have anthropologists argued that exchange is the basis of social life? Exchange is an act of giving something to somebody or doing something for somebody and receiving something in return.[1] According to the Encyclopaedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology, exchange is the transfer of things between social and actors.[2] Things can be human or animal, material or immaterial, words or things. The actors can be individuals, groups, or being such as gods and spirits.[3] In wide interpretation, trade and barter are examples of some kinds of exchange. In this essay, I assume that the gift-exchange is the basis of social life. From the 18th and 19th century, anthropologists became more interested in the topic of exchange. In the past century, there is a growing concern on the complex societies, i.e. the West. It leads to a more critical investigation for the anthropologists on exchange in West, when anthropologists such as Gregory discovered that exchange is linked to economy. By now, exchange is a universal activity. Moreover, anthropologists realized exchange is central to all peoples lives. Mauss stated that, exchange is a total social phenomenon.[4] In the following, I will discuss why anthropologists argued that exchange is the basis of social life. Exchange and Reciprocity The ideological pure gift is very rare in primitive societies. In most of the time, it is a moral to return the gift to the giver. Parry (1986) take the point that the gift is always am Indian gift, which means an equivalent term in return is required.[5] Parry took this point from his investigation on the gift contains some part of the spiritual essence of the donor. And this constrains the recipient to make a return.[6] Thus, we can see that the exchange is related to reciprocity. According to Mauss, gift are the primitive analogue if the social contract, then they clearly carry a social load which in centralized politics is assumed by the state.[7] This is the reason why anthropologists argue exchange is the basis of social life. Let us take the classic example of gift-exchange: the Maori hau. Logically, the hau explains why gifts are repaid. Mauss traces different forms of exchange in order to make out the relation between exchange and reciprocity with the social life. In this essay I will trace different form if In this essay, I will discuss about different types of gift-exchange in different types of society, ranging from tribal societies, i.e. the Trobrainders and Kabre, to the modern daily lives exchange, i.e. Christmas gift exchange and garage sale exchange. These rituals shows how anthropologist argue the statement with the observation or fieldwork The Trobrianders Kula During Malinowskis fieldwork in Trobriand, he clearly examined the essentials of the Kula for Trobrianders and other Melanesia islands in Papua New Guinea. The Kula is a form of intertribal exchange between the Melanesia Islands. It is different from the Oceanic form of exchange. The Kula is based primarily upon the circulation of two articles of high values, but of no real use. The gifts are carried in a circular route which covers miles away over many communities inhabiting a wide ring of islands. All the main transaction in the Kula is public and ceremonial, and it is carried out according to its definite rules. One of the major characteristics of the Kula exchange is that the two items are travelling in different directions: the necklaces (soulava) travel in the direction of clock hand; while the armshells (mwali) in opposite direction. According to Malinowski (1920), both articles never stop for any length of time in the hands of any owner; they constantly move, constantly meeti ng and being exchanged.[8] Kula is essential for the Melanesian because of its sociological function. Sociologically, Kula creates partnership for a lifelong relationship. It is based on a fixed and permanent partnership and relationship which binds people from different tribes into couple some thousands of individuals. As Malinowski observed, the partnership implies various mutual duties and privileges, and constitutes a type of inter-tribal relationship on an enormous scale.[9] Malinowski stated that two Kula partners have to Kula with one another and exchange other incidentally; they behave as friends, and have a number of mutual duties and obligations, which vary with the distance between their villages and with their reciprocal status.[10] He also mentioned that the Kula partnership is one of the special bonds which unite two men into one o the standing relations of mutual exchange of gifts and services so characteristics of these natives.[11] There is a network of relationships in the Kula ring which men know and exchange with each other. In some situation, they will meet in the inter-tribal meetings. Thus, Malinowski pointed out that men are bound together by one common passion for Kula exchange and also, many minor ties and interests. What keeps the relationship long-lasting is the reciprocity of gifts to the giver in the Kula ring. It is expected that the receiver will give back a fair and full value of gift to the giver. Similarly, a fine article must be replaced by the one with equivalent value, not by several minor ones. Gift economy in Kabre In Exchange (1999), Piot explore the understandings about persons, hierarchy and agency that operate in the exchange context in the Kabre society. Same as the Trobrianders, people in Kabre are expected receiver will have to return the gift to the giver. In society, especially in Piots situation he could not understand French when he first came to Kabre gift-giving is a kind of surrogate language. From his experience, Piot suggested that the gifts were attempts to communicate, to bridge the gap between us, to express relationship.[12] He realized that the gift-giving is a type of moral inquiry, which is an interrogation of the other.[13] Despite, there are various forms for exchange in the Kabre society, all forms of exchange are motivated by the practical need of one of the parties.[14] There is a desure to establish social relations behind the Kabre exchange. They are likely to begin ?kp?nt?r? with another person through exchange. Thus, all the exchange in Kabre society is to do with relationships as with utilities. Moreover, through further exchange of items with greater value or quantity, the relationship grows. It is a great sign of friendship. Sometimes, when the relationship of two families grows bigger, there will be an arrangement of marriage so that the relationship will not be broken. If this works, then there will be another marriage in the next generation and so on. As a result, the relationship between the two families will last forever. Economically, Piot argued that the Kabre gift exchange system generates the increased involvement in the wage and commodity sector. He pointed out that by allowing labours to participate more fully in the gift-giving by making money, social relations will then be expanded.[15] Piot take the point that persons use things to gain access to persons rather than that they use persons to gain access to thing.[16] Piot also claims that any gift given establishes a relationship between two persons, hence giving is always tied up with control, power and the appropriation of an other.[17] In the Kabre, exchange does not only form friendships. In the meantime, it forms another basis of social life the formation of marriage, kinship groups and affinity. Gifts Exchange in Christmas Now, let us look at how modern anthropologists argued the statement through their observation of peoples behaviour in the West, capitalist societies. The exchange of gifts is very popular in many parts of the world. In the following, I take in the account that exchange takes place with a generalized medium of exchange, i.e. money. Thus, in order to facilitate trade, barter give way away to selling (C-M), and then the money is then used to buy other commodities (M-C).[18] Carrier examined peoples mindset on exchanging Christmas gifts and he found that it does related to their social relations. The heightening sociality of Christmas highlights the importance of exchanging of gifts, and it reflected peoples Christmas shopping behaviour to the basis of social life. According to Caplow, parents and young children exchange gifts in an unequal value and quantity. In most of the time, the gifts from the parents to their young children have more in quantity and also in value. There is no expe ctation of equivalent return in this relationship. Whereas, for gift exchange between the spouses, there will be an active concern on the gifts are approximate equal in value.[19] Carrier (1993:58) suggested that it is more likely for people to show their affection to their family within a close kin by exchanging Christmas present. As the relationship become more distant, people are less likely to show their affectionate. Rather, it would be a more alienated giving and marks the relations which will be fairly impersonal utilitarian.[20] As mentioned above, apart from exchanging Christmas gifts in Christmas Eves feast, shopping for Christmas gifts is also a highlight for the exchange and it also maintain the basis of social life. Carrier (1993:63) takes the point that the range of social relations will be greater than normal when purchasing for the items. He suggested that this would be an annual ritual to convert commodities into gifts. This ritual allows us to celebrate and recreate personal relations with the anonymous objects available to us.[21] Moreover, Boxing Day allows merchants to celebrate the hierarchical relations outside their households. Seemingly, Christmas is just exchanging Christmas gifts between family and friends. In reality, through exchanging Christmas gifts, it celebrates relations with family, and also those who are distinct from relation in the outside world. Carrier (1993:69) take the point that Christmas is also a reunion of families sanctified and chastened by tender memories and associat ions; and let the social intercourse of friends, with pleasant reminiscence, renew the ties if affection and strengthen the bonds of kindly feeling.[22] Garage sales is American society Some anthropologists look at peoples daily life activities in the West to argue that exchange is the basis of social life. Similar to Christmas gifts exchange, most of the commodity exchange in the West belongs to the category sell-in-order-to-buy in peasant markets which money act as the generalize medium of exchange, i.e. C-M-C. Herrmann looked at the US garage sale exchange culture in order to investigate the social relationship built between the buyer and seller. Herrmann (1997:915) suggested that garage sale exchange allows the neighbours in the neighbourhood come to know each other, as the neighbors are attracted by informal open invitation to the public to stop by and look over the garage sale goods.[23] Moreover, Herrmann (1997:915) also take the point that some neighbourhood garage sale takes place in order to attract the neighbor out of their houses for social interaction. Furthermore, exchange in garage gift generates gift relations. According to Stone Age Economics by Sha lins (1974: 193-194; Gregory (1992:926)), exchange between family members or close kins usually belongs to generalized reciprocity. Thus, in garage sale exchange, the items are given to generalize others. By giving inexpensive garage as a gift, personal networks will then be solidified. In this case, social relations value more than profits. Aside from bringing social interaction and relationships, garage sale ethos also includes friendliness and social egalitarian. Garage sale provides the participants the sense of justice. Low price is the hallmark of garage sales exchange. Thus, a just price for an object is constructed through exchange.[24] Besides, Herrmann (1997:915) bring up the point that social inequalities are reproduced in the garage sales exchange, but it this social inequalities will be muted by the face-to-face egalitarian. This is because social markers such as gender, status, races could act as the factor affecting the transaction of garage sale exchange.[25] Thus, we can see that exchange shows the social basis of the society. Bibliography Carrier, James (1993): The Rituals of Christmas Giving, in Unwrapping Christmas by Miller, D. (ed), Oxford, United kingdom: Clarendon Press, pp.55-74 Carrier, James (1996): Exchange, in Encyclopaedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology by Barnard, Alan and Spencer, Jonathan (1996), USA and Canada: Routledge, pp. 218-221 Drucker, Philip: The Potlatch, in Tribal and Peasant Economies by Dalton, George (1967), Austin, USA: University of Texas Press, pp.481-493 Gregory, C.A.: Exchange and Reciprocity, in Comparison Encyclopaedia to Anthropology by Ingold, Tim (1994), London, United Kingdom: Routledge, pp. 911-939 Herrman, Gretchen M. (1997): Gift or Commodity: What Changes Hands in the U.S. Garage Sale?, American Ethnologist Vol. 24. No. 4 (Nov., 1997), Blackwell Publishing, pp.910-930 Hornby, A S (2000): Exchange, in Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary of Current English, New York, USA: Oxford University Press, pp. 433 Malinowski, Brownislaw (1920): Kula: The Circulating Exchange of Valuables in the Archipelagos of Eastern New Guinea, in Tribal and Peasant Economics by Dalton George (1967), Austin, USA: University of Texas Press, pp. 171-184 Malinowski, Brownislaw (1920): Tribal Economics in the Trobriands, in Tribal and Peasant Economies by Dalton George (1967), Austin, USA: University of Texas Press, pp.185-223 Malinowski, Brownislaw (1922): The essentials of the Kula, in Argonauts of the Western Pacific, London, United Kingfom: Routledge, pp. 81-104 Mauss, Marcel (1970) [1954]: The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies, London, United Kingdom: Cohen West Parry, Jonathan (1986): The Gift. The Indian Gift and the Indian Gift', in Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. 21. No. 3 (Sept., 1986), pp. 453-473 Piot, Charles (1999): Exchange, in Remotely global: village modernity in West Africa, Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press, pp. 52-75 Shalins, Marshall (1974): The Spirit of the Gift, in Stone Age Economics, Chicago, USA: Aldine-Atherton, pp.149-183 Shalins, Marshall (1974): On the Sociology of Primitive Exchange, in Stone Age Economics, Chicago, USA: Aldine-Atherton, pp. 185-275 Weiner, Annette B. (1988): Introduction, in The Trobrainders of Papua New Guinea, New York, USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publication, pp. 1-15 Weiner, Annette B. (1988): The Trobrainders: Past and Present, in The Trobrainders of Papua New Guinea, New York, USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publication, pp. 17-31 Weiner, Annette B. (1988): Marriage and the Politics of Yams, in The Trobrainders of Papua New Guinea, New York, USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publication, pp. 81-96 Weiner, Annette B. (1988): Men Working for Women, in The Trobrainders of Papua New Guinea, New York, USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publication, pp. 111-123 Weiner, Annette B. (1988): Kula and the Search for Fame, in The Trobrainders of Papua New Guinea, New York, USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publication, pp. 139-157 Hornby (2000:433) Carrier (1996:218) Carrier (1996:218) Gregory (1994:911) Parry (1986:454) Parry (1986:456) Parry (1986:467) Malinowski (1920) Malinowski (1922:85) Malinowski (1922:91) Malinowski (1922:91) Piot (1999:54) Piot (1999:54) Piot (1999:56) Piot (1999:73) Piot (1999:62) Piot (1999:70) Gregory (1992:912) It is one of the categories of production-of-exchange, i.e. commodity exchange Karl Marx developed. This type of commodity of exchange is identified as selling-in-order-to-buy in the peasant markets. Carrier (1993:55) Carrier(1993:58) Carrier (1993:63) Carrier (1993:96) Herrmann (1997:915) Herrmann (1997:916) Herrmann (1997:915)

Role of Social Media in Online Shopping Advertisements

Role of Social Media in Online Shopping Advertisements A study on perception towards Social media with special references to online shopping Ms. V. PAVITHRA, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR MBA, EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE- CHENNAI Abstract: The rapid rise of social media has captured the attention of marketers and consumers on a global scale, and together with a rapidly changing communications environment marketers now confront new challenges in terms of our understanding of consumer behavior and consumption patterns in the new millennium. Internet and Information technology have made tremendous contribution for business transformation witnessed nowadays all over the world. The growth of this particular media attracts the attention of advertisers as a more productive source to bring in consumers. A clear idea, the consumers have with online advertisement is the control they have over the item, choosing whether to check it out or not. To broaden our understanding and assist in managing marketing communications effectively, this exploratory research investigates the role of social media within the broader advertising and communications mix. The capability of purchasing without leaving your place is of great interest to ma ny consumers. Not only does online shopping offer really good deals, but also brings optimum convenience to the consumers. For the aforesaid purpose, a survey was conducted in Chennai city covering 250 samples. Key words: Online marketing, Social media, Consumer perception, consumption pattern, Advertisers, convenience Introduction: Knowing that, currently, social networks, blogs, forums and sharing sites are the main centers of interest for Internet users, marketers have started to rethink their online communication strategies and adjust to the new trend. Many companies are realizing that having a website and making it visible and easy to find through search engines (SEO) is simply not enough anymore. Nowadays it is vital that their online presence includes a Social Media component on sites like Facebook, Google+, Hi5, MySpace or Twitter. According to the recent research on consumer behaviour  on the Internet users, there are four distinct consumer groups with different intentions and motivations: Exploration Entertainment Shopping Information Types of Internet marketing Internet marketing is broadly divided in to the following types: Display Advertising: the use of web banners or banner ads placed on a third-party website to drive traffic to a companys own website and increase product awareness. Search Engine Marketing (SEM): a form of marketing that seeks to promote websites by increasing their visibility in search engine result pages (SERPs) through the use of either paid placement, contextual advertising, and paid inclusion, or through the use of free search engine optimization techniques. Search Engine Optimization (SEO): the process of improving the visibility of a website or a web page in search engines via the natural or un-paid (organic or algorithmic) search results. Social Media Marketing: the process of gaining traffic or attention through social media sites. Email Marketing: involves directly marketing a commercial message to a group of people using electronic mail. Referral Marketing: a method of promoting products or services to new customers through  referrals, usually word of mouth. Affiliate Marketing: a marketing practice in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought about by the affiliates own marketing efforts. Content Marketing: involves creating and freely sharing informative content as a means of converting prospects into customers and customers into repeat buyers. Objectives: To study the various attitude of consumers towards online shopping To find out preferences regarding the attitude on social media. To identify the various issues faced by users in social media towards online shopping To analyze the customer response to online advertisements and their impact on purchasing behavior. Methodology: Secondary Research: I first of all surveyed the available literature related to the problem. The published data from various sources like e-Journals, Internet, Books were studied. Quantitative research: After the collection of secondary data, the questionnaire was designed to collect the primary data. It is analyzed on the basis of suitable table by using – Bar technique and percentage analysis. Chi-Square test is applied to test the goodness of fit to verify the distribution of observed data. HYPOTHESIS 1. Analysis of Internet user’s perception of online advertisements. H0 – The six options (entertainment, in formativeness, irritation, credibility, interactivity and purchase) i.e perception behind the online advertisements is same for all people(each of these options have same influential value on the respondents). H1 The six options (entertainment, in formativeness, irritation, credibility, interactivity and purchase) i.e perception behind the online advertisements is different for all people(each of these options have different influential value on the respondents). 2. Analysis of the relationship between the websites that are most searched for Age of the respondents. H0 – Age of the respondents and the websites that are most clicked at, are independent. H1 Age of the respondents and the websites that are most clicked at, are dependent. ANALYSIS 1. Analysis of the relationship between Internet user’s perception of Internet advertisements and Age of the respondents. Relationship between Internet user’s perception and Age-Observed values Age Entertainment Informativeness Irritation Credibility Interactivity Purchase Total 3 7 5 5 3 2 25 30-40 1 7 6 5 5 2 29 41-50 5 5 5 0 5 6 30 >50 3 3 2 4 3 4 18 Total 12 22 18 14 16 18 100 2. Relationship between Internet user’s perception and Age- Expected values Particulars Entertainment Informativeness Irritation Credibility Interactivity Purchase Total 3 5.5 4.5 3.2 2.4 22 25 30-40 3.48 6.69 3 21 3.5 8.3 29 41-50 3.6 6.5 2.22 2.4 4.5 5.7 30 >50 1.92 3 5 2.1 4.5 6.6 18 Total 12 22 18 14 16 18 100 =(4-1)*(6-1)= 15 At 95% of confidence Table value of Chi Square at n=15 is 24.996 Chi Square value observed here is 10.82125416 which is lesser than table value. This proves the hypothesis H0 is accepted â€Å"Perception behind the online advertisements is same for all people† 3. Analysis of the relationship between Internet usage and the Age of the respondents Age Access E-Mail Downloading Net Surfing Window Shopping 12 6 5 10 30-40 6 8 9 7 41-50 3 5 10 3 >50 5 8 4 4 Total 33 22 22 23 4 . Relationship between age and the website usage-Expected values Age Access E-Mail Downloading Net Surfing Window Shopping Total 3.5 2.5 4.3 5.6 23 30-40 4 5 3 2.6 30 41-50 7 7 3.5 4 27 >50 2 4 3.8 8.6 20 Total 33 22 22 23 100 = (4-1)*(4-1) =9 At 95% of confidence Table value of Chi Square at n=9 is 16.911. Chi Square value observed here is 2.456560586 which is lesser than table value. This proves the hypothesis H0 is accepted â€Å"Age of the respondents and the websites that are most clicked at, are independent†. 5. Important elements for the success of promotional campaigns For most respondents (38%) the element of the greatest importance for the success of promotional campaigns through social networks is the originality, followed by a consistent and well transmitted message (for 25%), interactivity (16%), attractive design (15%) and animation (with only 6% of responses). 6. In which extent the brand, company name and company characteristics influences the Respondents For more than 50% of the Social Media users the brand, the company name and the company Characteristics are also very important for capturing their attention. Findings: According to The Nielsen Company’s study, published at the end of January 2010, global consumers spent, on average, more than five and a half hours on social networking sites like Face book and Twitter in December 2009. The study showed an 82% increase from the same month of 2008 when users spent just over three hours on social networks. In addition, the overall traffic to social networking sites has grown over the last four years. Specifically, two thirds of online visitors spend their time on social networks and blogs, placing them ahead of other online forms of engagement and interaction including games and instant messaging. The purchase of a product as a result of experiencing a form of online advertising through social networks was achieved by only 16% of respondents who said they had purchased clothing or accessories (sunglasses, jewelry), electronics (cell phones, cameras, laptops), IT products (software and hardware) or flight tickets. The research results showed that Facebook is the social network where most of the respondents own an user account (27.8% of responses), followed by Hi5 with (21.6%), YouTube with 14.7%, LinkedIn (7 %) and Twitter (6.6%). Conclusion: This study was accomplished to determine the customer perception on social media towards online shopping. Most respondents aged between 26 and 35 and all the respondents who have corporate leadership or decision making positions have a Twitter account, which may confirm the idea that the members of this site are opinion leaders or aspirational models, mature professional people, who have an important point of view to share with others. The research revealed another important finding, namely that users agree to the idea that promoting products or services through social networks can be useful and that advertisements appear in an acceptable number within these platforms. The study also shows that women tend to be more open and tolerant than men in these aspects. Many of the consumers are aware of the various online scams due to which they are very concerned and reluctant while providing their credit card information online. Also the online purchases take a longer time in shipments and deliveries. 65 million Face book members (almost one third of users), have accessed the website from a mobile phone, four times more than the same period in 2008, and in 2010 their number has exceeded 100 million persons. In addition, people who have accessed the site from their mobile phones were almost 50% more active than those not using mobile Internet. I analyze the relationship between Age of the respondents and the websites that are most clicked at, are independent. In a survey of 100 respondents, 33 people used internet for Access E-mail, 23 respondents used internet for window shopping, 22 respondents used internet for downloading, and similarly 22 respondents used net surfing. Finally I concluded that the social media is giving broad platform to consumers for having more choices with comfort shopping. REFERENCES 1. Belch, G., Belch, M., Kerr, G., Powell, I., 2009. Advertising and promotion: an integrated  Marketing communication perspective, McGraw Hill Australia, Sydney, New South Wales. 2. Engel, J.F., Blackwell, R.D. and Miniard, P.W., Consumer Behavior. Chicago: Dryden  Press, 1990. 3. Humphries, J., 2010. Social networking in business – Face book. CXO Europe, January 4,  2010. Retrieved June 14, 2010, from http://www.cxo.eu.com/news/social-networking-inbusiness- facebook/ 4. Kaplan, A., Haenlein, M., 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons 53 (1), 59-68. 5. Muniz, A., O’Guinn, T., 2001. Brand community. Journal of Consumer Research 27 (4), 412- 432. 6. Zeng, F., Huang, L., Dou, W., 2009. Social factors in user perceptions and responses to  advertising in online social networking communities. Journal of Interactive Advertising 10  (1), 1-13.

Four Sides of Shakespeares The Tempest :: Tempest essays

Four Sides of The Tempest 1 "They all enter the circle which Prospero had made, and there stand charm'd" In the First Folio edition of The Tempest, at the climax of the action, Shakespeare instructs that the magician Prospero inscribe a magic circle on the bare Elizabethan stage into which all the various characters of the action will be drawn: sage and fool, monarch and savage, clown and lover, young and old, cynic and innocent. It is as if Shakespeare, through Prospero, has assembled a representative sample of divided humanity, and brought them together deliberately to re-enact the oldest of rituals and the most insistent themes of history and of psychology The divisions among these characters resonate deeply, with many implications. They have been elaborated in generations of Western thought: together with Prospero, the spirit Ariel and the grotesque Caliban have been "read" through such critical lenses as Thomas Aquinas' division of human nature between spiritual and animal elements, or Darwin's evolutionary ladder, or Freud's superego and id,or through images of colonialism, or Jung's conflation of history with psychology, in which "our world is dissociated like a neurotic." In such a view, the reintegration of fractured family and society that takes place in this play is at the same time a reintegration of the divided and conflicted self into health and wholeness. In Georgia Shakespeare Festival' s The Tempest, the circle on the stage floor, the Shakespearean sign of wholeness, is the Jungian symbol of the "Quaternity of the Mandala,"a square-within-a-circle that was a symbol of the resolution of opposites and a sign of the transformation of both individual and collective consciousness, the full promise of human potential. Thus, when Prospero, having chosen the road of reconciliation over that of recrimination and rejection, draws the rapacious and rebellious Caliban into the magic circle, only to say of him "This thing of darkness I acknowledge mine," we seem for a moment to pass beyond the logic of power and punishment into a higher, more inclusive awareness. The magician who will shortly surrender his powers, sees and acknowledges the brutish side of himself, his own abjection, power-lust, possessive-ness, and scheming resentment.

Portrayal of Man in Dostoevskys The Brothers Karamazov Essay example -

Portrayal of Man in The Brothers Karamazov  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Debauchery, dueling, infidelity, orgies, and even monastery life are all used to help Fyodor Dostoevesky define his characters in The Brothers Karamazov. At the beginning of the novel, the reader becomes filled with contempt for a few members of the Karamazov family, yet filled with admiration for others. The legitimate members of the Karamasov family each represent a separate aspect of human character, which is applicable to society. In some ways the characters resemble separate factions and cliques of society that most often argue, but together can be productive. This is shown not by direct implication, but rather the reader discovers the fact on their own by becoming infuriated at the stupidity of the Karamazov men. This anger leads to the realization that in many ways, they themselves are in some ways similar to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fyodor Pavlovich Karamasov is the patriarch of the family. A shrewd businessman, Fyodor is very self-centered and cares more for himself than anyone else. He is a brilliant man for making deals and increasing his wealth, but manages to be oblivious of manners and societal rules. A tendency to act is an enormous fault in him, and he leaves an impression of having no deeply personal feelings, only overzealous acting to fit his "role" at any given time. When Fyodor's first wife dies Dostoevesky explains, "What seemed to gratify and flatter him most was to play the ridiculous part of the injured husband and to parade his woes with embellishments"(4). Because he has little, if any personal feelings, this enables him be indifferent towards others' emotions. Happiness is the only cause worth pursuing to Fyodor, and he will cross anyone to achieve it. Wh... ...e in their own ways. When searching for separate goals, and conflicting with each other, they can accomplish very little. The more inner-conflict within the family, the more problems they seem to find themselves in. These men, representing different aspects of society and humankind, have problems that they cannot solve on their own. If the Karamazov's were to work together towards a common goal, much could become accomplished, just as society could solve many conflicts through teamwork and cooperation. The characters in the novel The Brothers Karamazov show the reader that most societal conflicts are unnecessary and could easily be remedied through understanding and patience. WORKS CITED Dostoevesky, Fyodor Mikhailovich. The Brothers Karamazov. The Constance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Garnett Translation revised by Ralph E. Matlaw. New York: W. W. Norton   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  & Company Inc., 1976

The Last Spin by Evan Hunter

The Last Spin by Evan Hunter Short Story Analysis How does the author position the reader towards the major theme using the narrative elements? Gangs affect everyone lives especially the people in the gang because other members make you do things that you don’t want to do or that is dangerous towards you or yourself. ‘The Last Spin’ by Evan Hunter is a short story about two boys from opposite gangs that were forced to settle an argument over territory. They did this by playing an extremely dangerous game (Russian roulette).What they didn’t expect though was that they would become closer by having conversations in between shots and finding things that they have in common. They don’t realise this for long however because there was a sudden end to one of their lives. I’ll be analysing how the reader is position by using the narrative elements. The setting for this short story is in the early 1960’s when gangs were common in America. Gangs were usually identified by the colour of their jackets (Dave wore a blue and gold jacket, and Tigo wore a green and orange one) and each had their own territory which the other was not allowed to cross into.When one gang would venture into another gangs territory the night before it would be decided how one member from each gang would settle the score. The author has placed Dave and Tigo in an enclosed basement to play the game; this creates a powerful and intense environment for the reader. The boys also try not to show any sign of fear because if they do it would make them feel incapable and powerless in the game. â€Å"’We going to sit and talk all night, or we going to get this thing rolling’ Dave asked†This quote shows that Dave is showing no sign of dread to Tigo, so that he looks and feels aggressive. The last spin gave descriptions of the two main and only characters in the story, which were Dave and Tigo. Tigo has large brown eyes and thick black hair. He also wears his gang’s jacket which is a green silk jacket with an orange stripe down each of the sleeves. Dave is a nervous, paled faced boy with dirty lips. His gang’s jacket is blue and gold. The author has described the jackets because it emphasizes that they are enemies. The jacket told Dave that Tigo was his enemy. The jacket Shrieked ‘Enemy, Enemy! ’ This quote shows how Dave knew Tigo was an enemy because of the colour of his jacket. This story keeps the reader in suspense as they don’t know when the gun will go off. They should also feel horrified at how the gangs in America used to settle arguments and that the boys kept adding bullets into the gun, putting their life at risk just so that they wouldn’t let the other gang members down. â€Å"He broke open the gun again, and slipped the second cartridge into the cylinder. Now we got two cartridges in here,’ he said† This quote reinforces how the gangs brainwash people to think that they have to take these kinds of risks just so they can be popular. The length of this sentence is used so that the reader can fear for the boys because they know the dangers of this game. The main theme in the short story ‘The Last Spin’ by Evan Hunter is gang culture. The gangs in the story make the careless decision of putting one of their fellow member’s lives at danger.The boys didn’t seem to care that they were going to play this game at first, then as the game went on they realised what a bad mistake it was so they make a deal. They would have one last spin before they end this terrible game. Unfortunately this last spin was the one that ended Dave’s life. â€Å"The explosion rocked the small basement room, ripping away half of Dave’s head, shattering his face. A sharp cry escaped Tigo’s throat, and a look of incredulous shock knifed his eyes.He then put his head on the table and began weeping. † This quote shows us that the intense atmosphere in the basement and the hope that the gun would click one last time made the sound of the shot become so real and the outcome unbearable for Tigo. It was also very powerful emotionally when you picture how Tigo reacted to realising he had just lost a friend. Tigo was devastated and knew that all of the plans that they had promised they would do together after the game, he would never be able to do with Dave.

Physician Assisted Suicide

Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and euthanasia is a widely debated and controversial topic in our confederacy. It is believed that the principle of PAS and euthanasia portrays, merciful acts that contain terminally ill patients from pain sensationful and draw out death (page 477, column 2). In the paper, Physician-Assisted felo-de-se A Tragic View, John D. tapis discusses the subject and states that while he agrees with patients make decisions, implementing rights supporting PAS and euthanasia is a spacious threat to our social order.However, John D. arras also concludes that he does non judge with the possibility of having a legislative indemnity in favor of PAS/euthanasia, only if at that place is sufficient evidence of reliability of unhomogeneous safeguards (page 477, column 2). To begin, it is important to look at the possibility of PAS and euthanasia universe a positive practice in our health check profession. John D. Arras looks at a military post which pose s a patient scurvy from uncontrolled pain by having the doc ignore their decisions amongst life and death.He mentions that physicians may play to suicide and suicidal ideation (page 478, column 1) which is statistically shown in over fifty per centum of drive outcer patients who suffer from uncontrolled pain that is often brought on by un shell outed depression. In this situation however, if patient is addicted control of their own lives and obtain fitted psychiatric and moderating care to treat depression, it is assumed that most would lose reside in PAS/euthanasia. Using a homogeneous example, at that place will always be a small amount of patients who may have pain that cannot be treated, for these patients J.Arras believes that enter law on PAS/euthanasia can represent an out(predicate) barrier to a distinguished and decent death. In semblance to the phone stemma above, there are more than objections towards the legitimation of PAS and euthanasia because it is widely seen as inherently immoral, as violations of the moral approach pattern against killing the innocent (page 477, column 2). With this being said, J. Arras argues that objections cumulate through having a patient decide if they should live or die and having liberalization occur.His first argument concludes that, the practice of PAS would be almost impossible to keep within reasonable boundaries and that there must be a line drawn between energetic euthanasia. Instead, legitimation of PAS entails a wholesomely modest indemnity agenda, (page 478, column 1) that limits reforms to only a received group of individuals therefore excluding those who are very terminally ill and are suffering. In feature, legalization poses a threat towards how society looks at patient autonomy and mercy, because portentous illnesses would be hard to confirm. An example of this situation is mentioned by J.Arras as he evaluates the point that if one individual does not experience value to livi ng his life how does that disaccord from a patient who is ill with cancer. Proving that situation, it is seen that legalization of PAS has many flaws, one of which includes discrimination against patients if active euthanasia is banned. It would also cause more harm than good if the physician does not take into consideration the patients state of mind. By allocating patients with suitable palliative care, physicians would be able to distinguish fact from fiction in the ethics and law of pain relief (page 482, column 2).

Safe Journey

SAFEJOURNEY 1. Introduction Since the invention of diesel engine mankind has got cutting di manpowersions in their piece of living conditions i. e. the civilization. intimately burning(prenominal) happen uponment in that locationby was that men got the motion. These diesel engines gave shape in manifold. In transport sector the horse gondola/coach were started replacing by motorcars of una like sizes and shapes to fit the posits of mankind. The addition of petrol engine has accele enume set kayoedd the rate. In the hand era nobody rear tear d admit think of avoiding the elements of transportation because the society has produce too often dependent on this.But pacify there is a worry. The bother lies with the technology. Nobody gutter claim that these technologies give never fail. Due to automatic fault, poor primary(prenominal)tenance, everyplaceuse, overage, misuse etc these failures occur. Though we atomic rate 18 aw be of these and whitethorn take p reventive and activated measures to avoid those situations that these failures be still day-to-day phenomena. Think ab tabu a situation where your personal fomite becomes start of straddle on the l facilitate-back scud in a remote place. If so, what is the remedy? in that military position argon some(prenominal) dictatements by the Government.However, that could non gather in the faith of the public. Thus, in our possibility, this thought is still remaining unc atomic tot up 18d. The astute investors could stick issue identified the fill of assistance in such situation in m some(prenominal)(prenominal) an(prenominal) countries. The accessible movement of our overbold assist orient steady Safe expedition is to c ar these aspects. The purpose of this blue bulls eye is to analyze the strategic and situational aspect of the pixilated and focus marketplace reaping, marketing com meld and thereby project a luxuriant marketing project of the firm. The scope of this programme go forth be limited to the chase purpose Development Process society Description Strategic analysis plaza staff abbreviation merchandise merchandise heighten tradeing Mix financial compend Organization Implementation Evaluation and constraint While stockulating the plan for the set-back timely our app argonnt movement is to highlight the concept information process, complyed by the orientation with the partnership. Then missionary topographic point, goals and core force of the constitution ordain be cover at a lower place strategic analysis. There aft(prenominal), analytical shoot a bi consentaneousness shot of the plan pass on include SWOT, perseverance, adversary, family and node analysis.The market, harvest-festival and financing accusatives of the presidency and in some(prenominal) case shoot for market identification ordain be the contents of the crossroad market focus. This part exit too mentio n the ludicrous merchandising overture USP and positioning plan of the governing. Then nether the marketing program 4 Ps i. e. marketing mix go away be illustrated. The financial analysis and organizations planned set up volition be discussed followed by the per songance plan. Fin solelyy, the evaluation and swear measures pull up stakes be pen-pictured. We stir carried out a comminuted study, which was a combination of primary and secondhand data analysis and empirical study.Our strain method was mainly in the form of personal interviews with the competent sure of the come to authority, and collecting public views associated to this sector. We fuddle alike conducted the market survey deliberately, carried out unhomogeneous statistical analyses by testing relate hypotheses. Collection of associated data from Bangladesh lane please Authority and Bangladesh Police traffic control were overly a part of the survey. thereby, we pitch set in motion it is execu re mit to serve the victims of the roads. 2. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT physical process 2. 1 The Idea GenerationBangladesh is a 3rd world developing country. The countrys GDP is non again encouraging. Therefore, the large occur female genitalsnot always effort to financial backing up all first hand / speck upstart vehicles of both sorts. The employ vehicles ar not always reliable and often found to be out of order. Moreover, poor understructure of the country has also approximate settle to cause such failure a fatal misadventure is not also an exception to it. The arrangements offered by the Government to stop back such cases atomic number 18 often count to be in becoming, epoch consuming, costly and failed to earn sanction.Thus, there is always a need to support those victims in terms of mechanical, medical, psychological and emergency assistance. This led us to build the idea of a attend to organization to support in this regard. 2. 2 propose Development The c oncept of providing prerequisite serve by Safejourney is to overhear snatch of driveway Mobile Patrols HMP and Static operate menstruums at regular intervals. Maintaining a reliable confabulation nedeucerk, our teams bequeath be called by our valued clients and in response, entrust be qualified to r for each(prenominal) atomic number 53 the spy at heart 30 legal proceeding. avail charge entrust be collected depending upon the degree of assistance applyed. social station depart be offered on the keister of socio-economic clubly subscription. 2. 3 Nature of divine go Safejourney exit have the capability to offer the sideline dos Small outdo reparation work on the spot. Medium scale relieve work at the placid gain points (Towing facilities entrust be included) commodious scale jam work at the zonary shop classs (Towing facilities go out be included) obtainable at the atmospheric static avail points. On call. get-go financial aid lead be stick outd on requirement. Evacuation support leave be housed on emergency basis. 2. 4 Investment/Benefits/ Commissions/ Business 2. 4. Investment conceit 1Invest to purchase vehicles, bear upon machineries, establishment of tip spatial relations, zonal workshops & static serve up points. design 2Invest to establish versatile parley network. creation 3Invest in acquiring required manpower. invention 4Invest in promotional and friendly activities. 2. 4. 2 Benefits thought 1Earnings from sectionship charges. Concept 2Earnings from serve well charges. Concept 3Earnings from charges of emergency support. 5. Time range Concept 1To pull up stakes work round the clock. Concept 2To reach the spot within 30 minutes after duty.Concept 3To grant medical and emergency support as and when required. 6. Number of Outlets / supporter acids Concept 1To arrange table attend facilities in the major alleys. Concept 2At least two energetic patrols under each static servicing points. Concept 3Static run points argon to be formal every after 70/80 km. Concept 4Zonal roles are to be constituted near the major cities. Concept 5Head office is to be established at Dhaka. 3. bon ton Description 3. 1History Although it is sunrise(prenominal) for the country like Bangladesh, assistance organization as Safejourney is not a bleak venture in the world.In Germ whatever, there is such an organization cognize as Allgemeiner Deutscher Autowandering- Club in briefly ADAC operating for more than 40 categorys. Earning the confidence and faith of the public is the first and firstly criteria for close to of the jobes success. If one can discover it, former(a) part of the job becomes much easier. The newly established firm Safejourney is the subject in Bangladesh in this field. 2. Name The sound epithet of the firm is SAFEJOURNEY BANGLADESH PRIVATE behaveage and the motto of Safejourney is Destination Guaranteed 3. PurposeThe purposes of Safejourney are expound as follows ? To set aside woodland sophisticate and recovery operate to the vehicles on the prescribe bridle-paths. To support the under mentioned run in emergency a. Providing First aid to the accident Injuries. b. Evacuating the serious cases to the warm infirmary/ clinic. c. In case of illegal act, providing support by informing highway Patrol Police. d. To provide transportation service to anyone on defrayal altogether in emergency cases. ? In future we plan to render our confabulation network facilities to the transport companies. 4. structural ActivitiesSafejourney has started her journey to serve the victims of the roads and persons in emergencies. On receiving the call from the customers our control station testament intimate the matter and appropriate location to the responsible zonal office and / or static point keeping divisional office informed. The zonal office or static points impart than direct the nearest street Mobile Patrol (HMP) to the sp ot. HMP, upon sign investigation go out render effort to repair the required defects. If the case appears to be relatively arduous, the vehicle go forth be towed to the respective static point.Likewise, major cases go forth be handled by the zonal workshop. In simple cases, on completion of the necessary repair jobs the customer impart leave the bill prepared by HMP as per prescribed determine chart. The members go outing get the send packing if he/she possesses the Safejourney ID Card. In case of major / difficult cases the customer whitethorn pay in the fountainhead office or any of the zonal offices. A diagrammatical fork overation of functional activities is as in supplement A 3. 5 Organization It is essential to have a very well structured administration to procure the success in any kind of line of products. Thus, Safejourney has taken all out effort o organize two the administrative and functional aspects in order to contain a quality service, secured and ceaseless settle of learning, good administration, break out co-operation and co-ordination. Therefore, boilers suit planning, organizing, leading and controlling aspects of Safejourney are vested on the head office. down the stairs head office there are respective(a) plane sections for spirit after the administrative linear perspectives of the firm. Moreover, our service areas are divided in trio divisions. The divisions are again subdivided into area/zones to have a better control of the functional perspective of our organisation.However, a specific of Administrative transcription of Safejourney is illustrated in Appendix B and Functional Organization of Safejourney is illustrated in Appendix C of this plan. 6. Establishment and Number of Outlets/Service Points We have offered initially three major roadway of the country. The driveways are as follows Dhaka Chittagong avenue Dhaka Bogra Rajshahi Road Dhaka Jessore Khulna Road Our head office is order in Dh aka, whereas the divisional offices are in Chittagong, Bogra and Jessore. particular of the Zonal Workshops, Static service points and outlets are presented in Appendix D of this plan. . 0 STRATEGIC ANALYSIS 4. 1 Mission Reaching our customers with in 30 minutes after occupation at anytime on the highways when individual gets stuck with his/her vehicle and repair it to unclutter him/her feel salutary. 4. 2 marks 4. 2. 1 Financial Objective To earn an annual rate of return on coronation at 20%. To Make Profit 20% above sales. To reduce the amount of investment funds capital where possible. To ingest 3 cholecalciferol members by year 5 To reach at the breakeven point by year 5 To achieve 80% of the market share by year 2008. 4. 2. 2 grocery storeing Objective To repair 30 vehicles per route each day. To provide better quality service than the strength competitors. To provide superior and apropos repair To achieve strong brand pertain. To establish capable and e stablishmentatic service outlets at each 60-80 km intervals. To ensure wide geographic coverage than rivals and potential competitors. To ensure higher level of customer satisfaction. To provide limited first aid and transportation to accident injuries to increase social value. 4. 3 Core Competency and sustainable warring advantage Core power means the achievement of significant militant advantage by a firm over its rivals.Our core competency go away be reaching in time to the customers and providing function of better quality than our competitors. 4. 3. 1 Reaching in time to the customers We exit have number of service centers each after 60-80 km. So, any one calling us over rambling/ T & T resound, we leave ensure our front line with in 30 minutes. This leave arrive at the customers feel safe and confident somewhat our organization. 4. 3. 2 Providing better quality service At present our main competitors are the old aged wayside or sub-urban base repair workshops. Our services exit be provided in time with the forward-looking equipment and of course we leave alone maintain our quality. . 3. 3 Pioneer advantage Though there are number of repair workshops but we are the first to provide on call services on the highways with desist speed and responsibilities. At present we seizet have much strong competitors, but even new competitors enter, we entrust have customers preferences as we are the first in this championship. We depart already have lot of members and limit the lion share of the market. 5. 0 slur ANALYSIS 5. 1 SWOT Analysis 5. 1. 1 Strength Main strengths of safe journey are identified as follows 5. 1. 2. Weakness The weaknesses are as follows commercial enterprise is based on happenings of some eventualities . 1. 3. probability Opportunity means where the connection can operate profitably. The Opportunities of safeJourney are as follows 5. 1. 4 Threat The happenings which whitethorn wee-wee closure in achieving our b usiness objectives are as follows 5. 2 Industry Analysis SateJourney is a service oriented organization. There are many others who provide the said(prenominal) services to the customers. There are many workshops located in the rural, suburban or urban areas. The rural or suburban based workshops are old aged, that doesnt have any efficient system of identifying the problems and repairing those.There are a couple of(prenominal) big sized workshops in the city areas but they hardly provide on call service. They also wear offt have an efficient way of treating with the customers. As a self-colored in the industry nobody is holding absolute supremacy. Safe Journey get out enter the business considering the aspects of victorious customers mind. The competitors will not affect its operation and business objectives. The topical anaesthetic workshops are weak but close competitors. City based service centers are strong but irrelevant competitors, so SafeJourney will enjoy well-nig h monopoly in the rural highways and in all probability to wait pure competition in the urban areas. . 3 Competitor Analysis 5. 3. 1 tag Competitor SafeJourney is the first society to provide mobile repair service and serve the customers even in the remote place on the high ways. Thereby at present we dont find any brand competitor of ours. 5. 3. 2 Industry Competitor Our service is based on repair services of the moves. There are many other low-down or big workshops providing the aforementioned(prenominal) kind of services. So they are our industry competitors. 5. 3. 3 Form Competitor This service provides the need for precaution on the high ways by repair and maintaining vehicles.There are few other workshops other than automobile workshops that also carryout some sort of repair works like motor cycle or bicycle repair. They are our form competitors. 5. 3. 4 Generic Competitor Ours generic wine competitors would be anyone victorious away our customers. The roadside resta urants, tower vehicles, public transports are few of our generic competitors. 5. 4 Company Analysis Our go with will have numbers pool of static points (service centers) each after 60-80 km distance on the highways. Those static points will remain under direct control of Head office located at Dhaka.We will also have offices in other major cities. They will deal with rank, complains, suggestions for operation and future expansion of the business. 5. 5 Customer Analysis 5. 5. 1 On the basis of buying Roles 5. 5. 2 On the basis of customer Buying appearance Our service falls in the interwoven buying behavior group as it is a high involvement service. Customers commonly dont come to the workshops unless they need it. Again for yearly membership one has to pay Tk5000. Thereby, it is a service that involves a good amount of money. Customers will think twice to be a member of Safejourney.Thus, our customers buying will follow manifold buying behavior. 6. 0 MERKET PRODUCT focus 6. 1. Financial, Marketing and Service Objective 6. 1. 1 Financial Objective 6. 1. 2. Marketing Objective. 6. 1. 3. Product / Service objective 6. 2 object lens Market 6. 2. 1. The Selection of fair game Market The beneathlying logic and hypothesis dictated us to discern the specific target markets 6. 2. 2. Market Segmentation To attain the objective of our business plan, bases for our market incisionation is demographic and psychographic federal agents. Under the demographic, the section variables are social split and occupation.In social course of instruction the upper class and upper middle class is our focal point. And under occupation we have mainly focused to the business class. Under the psychographic bases we have considered the social values to be our main segment variables. People who are super security concerned and passing time concerned are the point of concentration here. 6. 2. 3 Specific Target Group Basing on our logic/ hypothesis, our market variance has l ed us to divide the interest specific target groups as our customers Private car owners. Business class traveling in personal/ official car.Taxi cab companies enamor owners/ Agencies. The target groups as per the segmentation can be categorise as under Market segment Customer group Market segment 1 Private car owners Market segment 2 Business class Market segment 3 Transport owners/Agencies, Taxicab companies. 6. 2. 4 strongness of the Targeted Market Segment. in act(p)ness of the segmentation can be measured employ five profitable criteria. These are Measurability, Substitutability, Accessibility, Differentiability and Actionable criteria. Testing of our segmentation based on these criteria is shown as under Market Segment Measurable unquestionable Accessible Differentiable Action-able MS 1 Very Good banging and highly Easily Accessible Good Effective and profitable feasible plan can be hypothesize MS 2 very Good Large and advantageous Accessible Good Effective and feasible plan can be formulated MS3 very Good Very Large and profit Accessible Good Effective and able Feasible plan can be formulated 6. 3 Point of Difference One of the more or less important factors for launching any new product/ service is the points of unlikeiation. We will scar our service from the competitor in respect of service, staff office and image divergentiation. 6. 3. 1 Service redundantity The key to success of our business will lie in adding value to the services and continuous improvement of quality. SafeJourney will divergentiate its service from others in respect of pursual attributes Ordering Ease Any one go about the problem in highway can tardily call us simply making a phone call. Need not to take the job of searching around miles together for someone leaving the vehicle in uncertainty. sales pitch The mobile workshop of SafeJourney will be committed to solve the problem in a speedy manner with comme il faut care and accuracy. Special service and tending Any one calling SafeJourney for a mechanical problem of vehicles will be provided with complete wind shield scrub to that vehicle and the assurance will be provided that any further problem for same reason will be aban with with(p)d free service in that particular journey. 6. 3. 2 Personnel Differentiation SafeJourney will gain a strong competitive advantage by developing a better- expert people. For attaining this we will emphasize on the followers aspect Competence The engineer/ chemical mechanism of safeJourney will possess the required acquisition and knowledge to deal with any mechanical/ technical problem of any showcase of vehicle. The mechanics will be assort in such manner so that they can deal with any problem of the affected vehicle for which they are called for. ? adroitness The employees of our service will be accomplished to behave in a friendly, respectful and considerate manner in respons e to any problem minded(p) by the customer. ? Credibility The trustiness of the service will be developed by providing outlay rate card from the guild on with the specific identity card for the employees. ? responsiveness The Company will have a quickly response in any call by sending the mobile workshop within half an hr on the spot. Communication Safejourney will keep the system of communicating about(predicate) any problem/ comments by giving a comment card while solution the vehicle problem. This will be used by the oversight for further improvement of service. 6. 3. 3 Image Differentiation Our service will give adequate strain on building an image of quick and quality service. To do this, we will express our messages in symbolisations, written and audiovisual media, different events and also by employee behavior. 6. 3. 4 Unique Selling Proposition (USP) This is the factor which will attract the customer to accept our service rather than the competitors. We will conc entrate on the followers USP of our service. Caring about customers time. great attention on safety measures. First to provide reliable mobile repair/ recovery service in the country. 6. 4 spot To attain a typical position in the customers mind we will give adequate emphasis on our unique merchandising proposition. We will create an image of the company by promoting the idea SafeJourneyfor people who cares about time and safety. 6. 4. 1 Positioning scheme For attaining the desired positioning in customers mind we will ingest the duple benefit scheme. We will claim two benefit in this regard The fastest. The safest 7. 0 MARKETING PROGRAM 7. 1 Service strategy 7. 1. 1 Type of Service This is a utility service for providing mobile mechanical/ technical support to the vehicles facing problems in highways.This will ensure a quick and easy service which will allow the travelers to reach to their destination safely without wasting the time. 7. 1. 2. Features of service The servic e will be provided both in membership and non membership basis and have the spare-time activity features to provide amends and Recovery a. The first effort will be given(p) to reach to the spot with mobile workshop by half an hour of receiving any call. b. The main effort will be in repairing the vehicle on spot as quickly as possible. c. comparatively difficult cases will be handled by the static service point d. In case of major difficulties the option will be given to deliver the vehicle to the desired destination after necessary repair works. Emergency Service a.Providing first aid to the accident injuries. b. Evacuating the serious cases to the nearest hospital/ clinic. c. In case of criminal act, providing support by informing highway Patrol Police. d. To provide transportation service to anyone on remuneration only in emergency cases. Communication service a. The company will establish an internal confabulation system for its operation. b. The company will render this fa cility to be used by the transport companies on the basis of payment. 7. 1. 3 Brand Name The brand name of the service is given SafeJourney. This is done to create a favorable brand image and brand familiarity by adding the safety as a unsanded issue.All necessary pic and promotion activities will be done to uphold the different attributes, benefits and values link up to the brand. 7. 1. 4 Special / After Service offer To create favorable convinced(p) response to the mind of customers the pursual special offerings will be kept ? The homework will be kept to provide free windshield wash for the vehicle where applicable. ? Once given service by any mobile workshop the free service guarantee will be given if any problem breast up for same reason in that journey. ? For traffic with the emergency situation, the service will be rendered 24 hours. 7. 1. 5 Sources of loose separate Contacts will be made with the authorized dealer of various motor part to keep the supply of spare part available.The amount of the various spares parts blood line will be decided basing on the requirement. 7. 2 monetary value schema 7. 2. 1 List Price Transparency in transaction is considered as one of the most important issues of our business policy. To maintain the trustworthiness and transparency, leaning scathe of all types of service will be kept/ hanged with the mobile service team and other service concentrate on. The list price will be also published in the ad in fall guy media. A stripped-down fixed charge of Tk. 250 will be charged for every vehicle calling for service. Other charges will commute basing on the intensity of the job. A model of list price is shown as under legal injury LIST SERIAL NO function DESCRIPTION PRICE (In Taka) 01 Call charge 250 02 Membership Subscription 5000 03 Servicing 250 04 Oil revision 100 05 Air Lock headway 250 06 elicit line clearance 250 07 Tappet Clearance 800 08 Cylinder Head Leakage right 1000 09 Timing 2000 10 sparkle Plug Change 600 11 egotism Starter 500 12 ruffle Box 100 13 carburettor Cleaning 200 14 hawk Box Repair 500 15 AC pump Repair three hundred 16 Break Repair 500 17 Steering Gear Repair 500 18 Electric spell 250 19 Lighting 250 20 Spare parts As per mkt price 7. 2. 2 Discount To Increase the membership number and attract the customers a 65% discount will be given to the members of safeJourney. 7. 2. 3 System of payment The Payment system will be on the basis of bills payment before delivery. However, the payment may be made at any zonal / area offices also. 7. 2. 4 Different Price strategy. We plan to postulate different price strategies in different situation. ? At Launching represent.As this is a new service in this country, our company cosmos first to enter in this business will have a trailblazer advantage. And as we will not have any brand competitor at this dress so we will adopt cost plus policy at this stage. The assumptio n led us to follow this policy is the substitute awareness effect which tells that customers are less price sensitive when they are less aware of substitutes. ? At Brand competitive pegleg. In Brand competitive stage it is possible that new entrants will also come in this business. If we organization challenges by the new entrants in terms of price strategy, we will face this by adding new values and better quality through more promotional activities.As the new entrants are likely to face huge amount of initial investment expenditure, it is likely to be difficult for the competitors to shot our significant market share. Again a substantial amount of revenue in the business will come through the membership subscription which is given yearly. So collect to involvement of high switch over cost customers are less likely to switch over to new competitors. The difficult comparison effect of price sensibility also supports our strategy as it speaks customers are less price sensitive when they cannot easily compare the quality of substitutes. However in this stage we may have to go for the price cut strategy basing on the market condition. 7. 2. 5.Pricing Method Basing on the market survey and the result of our hypothesis we have used a combination of both perceived value pricing and pass rate pricing method to select our price. 7. 3 Promotion Strategies Promotion is considered as one of the greatest market winning factor to increase the sales of own product/ service. It consists of different promotion mix i. e. advertising, Sales Promotion, Personal Selling, Direct Selling and Public Relation (PR) . The promotion activities also varies basing on the product/Service conduct cycle through which a product/ service comes from introductory stage to growth, matureness and at last at declining stage.So our promotional activity will also vary in response to different career cycle of our service in following ways 7. 3. 1 Introductory Stage In this stage our main st rategy will be to create the customer awareness about the brand name of our service. Since the service involves the complex buying behavior, the main emphasis will be given to the print media. The promotional activities include fixing advert in daily news cover publisher and magazines. Using billboard in the gate and exit of the petrol pump. Using Billboard in highways with repeated intervals. In TV and radio highlighting our USP during the commercial slot. ? Providing winsome and colorful posters, calendars etc to the car sales centre. 7. 3. 2 Growth StageAt this stage the strategy will be to create brand familiarity to keep the present customers slaked and to attract the new customers. This will be done as follows ? Differentiation advertisements in both print media and moth-eaten media frequently. ? Create value strand for the be members by sending small gifts like calendars, cards etc containing the brand symbol Arranging different types of PR programs. 7. 3. 3Maturity S tage At this stage the strategy will be to keep the people conscious about our product by various remainder advertisement and other programs It includes ease advertisement in both print media and loud media. ? To increase brand preferences providing advertisement with celebrities. Arranging various PR Programs.Sponsoring different games/ sports cultural programs etc. 7. 3. 4 decline in quality stage Starting from the maturity stage onward, the amount of our market share is likely to decrease. At decline stage it will tend to reduce more. But the homophile psychology about time and safety will always exist. The market is also likely to expand. Even though, the company may face difficulties due to more number of competitors. To overcome the problem, the following strategy will be adopted Providing new features to the customers by making differentiation. Giving reminder advertisement both in print and loud media Arranging PR programs using satisfied customers etc. 7. Placement (Dist ribution strategy) The Placement strategy is very important to ensure that the companys product/ service are passed through the right channel to achieve the objective of the company. 7. 4. 1 Places to Serve initially the service will be started only in three important routes. These routes are Dhaka Chittagong highways. Dhaka Jessore Khulna highways Dhaka Bogra- Rajshahi highways later basing on the feedback and market condition the number of routes will be increased. 7. 4. 2 line of products Strategies The channel of our service will be direct. ? Head office -Zonal service centre Static Point- Mobile service workshop We will also increase the number of zonal offices/ service centre to most of the district towns. ? We will also acquire the local agency to act as the local representatives in zonal offices. ? The accompaniment dissemination channel is illustrated in Appendix E. 8. 0 FINANCIAL DATA AND PROJECTIONS 8. sign Investment Fixed Expenditure circumstance Tk in Lacs Construction/Office 7 Office Furniture 7 vehicle Procurement 223. 4 Tel/Mobile 9. 4 Tools and Equip 25 Promotion 10 Training 3 full 284. 54 8. 2 categoryly Expenditure Tk in Lacs Salary 85. 3 Details Shown in Appendix F Tel Bills 9. 48 Fuel 35 Rent-Office/Outlets 81. 4 Promotion 12 Electricity/Gas/Water 5. 64 Miscellaneous 6. 4 Total 235. 69 8. 3 Projected Yearly chase away in 5 days From providing highway Service Yearly In 5 Years Per Day 30 Cases X 3 Routes X 500 X 365 164. 25 821. 25 Tk in Lacs From Membership Charges Year Tk in Lacs Year 1 1000 5000 50 Year2 2000 5000 100 Year 3 3000 5000 150 Year 4 3500 5000 one hundred seventy-five Year 5 3500 5000 175 Total income in 5 Years 650 8. 4 Calculation of Payback period Taka In Lacs Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Opening Bal -284. 54 -305. 98 -277. 42 -198. 86 -95. 3 hard cash out flow -235. 69 -235. 69 -235. 69 -235. 69 -235. 69 -235. 69 Cash in flow 214. 25 264. 25 314. 25 339. 25 339. 25 339. 25 End Bal -305. 98 -277. 42 -198. 86 -95. 3 8. 5 103. 56 portion of years=330. 99/339. 25=. 975 Years. Total Pay back Period =4+. 975=4. 975 Years. 8. 5 Projected Profit anticipate profit in year 5 = Tk 8. 25 Lac Expected profit from year 6 onwards = Tk. 103. 56 Lac 9. 0 IMPLEMENTATION PLANImplementation is the key success factor for any business. The business planning may be the best but if execution of instrument plan is wrong the business will fail to achieve its objectives. To achieve our business objectives we plan our business in the following way 9. 1 Services Strategy Safejourney will provide services to the customers as and when they call. Someone may get services if they come directly to the static points. Our efforts will be to establish strong cha t network to reach our customers using existing T & T facilities and mobile networks. We will also have our own communication network to ease our customers to reach us at anytime.Practice of mobile patrol on the highways to find out and meet any eventualities will also be there. in any case repair, we also plan to provide some additional services in following ways (1) For ensuring smooth first aid service, our employees will be specially trained on first aid. (2) Delivering the vehicle at desired place after repair will be accomplished with the necessary co-ordination with zonal offices. (3) Evacuation to accident injuries will be provided by maintaining a good will and liaison with the local hospital and clinics. (4) On establishing our own communication facilities it may be rented to the transport agencies. 9. 2 Price StrategyAs it was stated earlier, services will be provided on the basis of payment and we will have separate price strategy for our members and non-member customer s. On accomplishment of any service, the senior mechanics will calculate the price basing on the minimum call charge, price of spare parts, membership discount rate and services as per price table and profess the bill to the customer. Customer may pay the bill in cash on the spot or any of our offices/outlets. In the later case, the vehicle will be delivered only after the tick of the payment of the due bill. To deal with the competitors in the competitive stage, SafeJourney may also swap the service charge or membership subscription as the situation demands but the quality will not be compromised in any case. 9. 3 Promotion StrategyTo implement our business strategy we will go for rapid skimming. For this we will give an amount of Tk 1,000,000 as we launch the service. In addition to it an amount of Tk 12, 00,000 will be spent on promotional activities per year. In this regard maximum emphasis will be given to print media and using the billboard. We plan to provide advertiseme nt on web sites also. 9. 4 Distribution Safejourney is taking all out efforts to establish a smooth, secure and effective distribution channels. Members will be enrolled either by the zonal offices directly or through local agents and few selected petrol pumps. The selected petrol pumps will be considered as exclusive distribution means. 10. 0 ORGANISATIONThe Head office of Safejourney will be established in Dhaka. The whole organisation is headed by Managing Director (MD). The MD will look after the overall planning, organizing, leading and controlling aspects of Safejourney. There are total six departments in head office, which are as follows Operations and be after Technical Support Administration and medical examination Management Information System Accounts and world Resource Management Under the department of operation and planning there will be one control station on for 24 hours. The three Divisional managers are responsible to control the three routes under the su pervision of Operation department.Dhaka Chittagong route looked after by Divisional autobus 1 (Chittagong) Dhaka Bogra-Rajshahi route looked after by Divisional Manager 2 (Bogra) Dhaka Jessore-Khulna route looked after by Divisional Manager 3 (Jessore) Under each Division there are three zonal offices and under the zonal offices there are three static points each. Each static point is equipt with at least two Highway Mobile Patrols. 11. 0 EVALUATION AND moderate To learn how well the company is running, we moldiness measure out the present strategy. Accordingly management will be taking purpose on what should be done. For that we will evaluate our consummation by finding the culture of following aspects 1 Is the competitive approach of the company is correct? 2 Could we differentiate our services from our rivals? 3 Could we provide our services at a ample spectrum or to a niche? 4 Is the geographic coverage of our services correct? 5 be the functional activities of the co mpany correct? 6 Could we make expected return/ cash flow? 7 What is the companys image and nature with the customers and competitors? 8 Could we make continuous improvement of our performance? We will also carry out evaluation of information continuously. This will champion us to take timely decisions. We plan to carry out analysis of information on the following manner 1 insouciant earnings and expenses report. 2 Total number of customers per day. 12. 0 CONCLUSION Continuous improvement and development of new offerings is an essential part for any business success in the present world. Everyday people in the business world seek for new opportunity and spending millions in this purpose. The overall paper is developed highlighting all the detail that is required to do a favored marketing of a new offerings. The alternatives are highlighted and the provisions are kept open to carry out the necessary adjustments as the market dictates. Proper implementation of the plan can make th e service-SafeJourney a victorious one.